Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2006) - New Caledonia (2002)

Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2006) z New Caledonia (2002)

	Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2006)	New Caledonia (2002)

Administrative divisions	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)	none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 provinces named Iles Loyaute, Nord, and Sud
Age structure	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA (2006 est.)	0-14 years: 30% (male 31,862; female 30,577) 15-64 years: 64.1% (male 67,043; female 66,102) 65 years and over: 5.9% (male 5,777; female 6,497) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products	vegetables; beef, deer, other livestock products
Airports	5 (2006)	29 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2006)	total: 9 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 6 under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2006)	total: 21 914 to 1,523 m: 12 under 914 m: 9 (2002)
Area	total: 12,173 sq km land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands	total: 19,060 sq km land: 18,575 sq km water: 485 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Connecticut	slightly smaller than New Jersey
Background	Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982.	Settled by both Britain and France during the first half of the 19th century, the island was made a French possession in 1853. It served as a penal colony for four decades after 1864. Agitation for independence during the 1980s and early 1990s seems to have dissipated.
Birth rate	NA births/1,000 population (2006 est.)	19.91 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $66.2 million expenditures: $67.9 million; including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.)	revenues: $861.3 million expenditures: $735.3 million, including capital expenditures of $52 million (1996 est.)
Capital	name: Stanley geographic coordinates: 51 42 S, 57 41 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in September; ends third Sunday in April	Noumea
Climate	cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate	tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid
Coastline	1,288 km	2,254 km
Constitution	3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998	28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)	conventional long form: Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies conventional short form: New Caledonia local long form: Territoire des Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances local short form: Nouvelle-Caledonie
Currency	-	Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF); note - may adopt the euro in 2003
Death rate	NA deaths/1,000 population	5.62 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$NA	$79 million (1998 est.)
Dependency status	overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina	overseas territory of France since 1956
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)	none (overseas territory of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)	none (overseas territory of France)
Disputes - international	Argentina, which claims the islands in its constitution and briefly occupied them by force in 1982, agreed in 1995 to no longer seek settlement by force; UK continues to reject Argentine requests for sovereignty talks	Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by France and Vanuatu
Economic aid - recipient	$0 (1997 est.)	$880 million annual subsidy from France
Economy - overview	The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falkland Islands' exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date, no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism, especially eco-tourism, is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. Another large source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost.	New Caledonia has about 25% of the world's known nickel resources. In recent years, the economy has suffered because of depressed international demand for nickel, the principal source of export earnings. Only a small amount of the land is suitable for cultivation, and food accounts for about 20% of imports. In addition to nickel, the substantial financial support from France and tourism are keys to the health of the economy. The situation in 1998 was clouded by the spillover of financial problems in East Asia and by lower prices for nickel. Nickel prices jumped in 1999-2000, and large additions were made to capacity. Strikes in the building industry in 2001, which lasted four months, adversely affected many other sectors of the economy. French Government interests in the New Caledonian nickel industry are being transferred to local ownership.
Electricity - consumption	20.68 million kWh (2003)	1.455 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2003)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2003)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	22.23 million kWh (2003)	1.565 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 78% hydro: 22% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Panie 1,628 m
Environment - current issues	overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster	erosion caused by mining exploitation and forest fires
Ethnic groups	British	Melanesian 42.5%, European 37.1%, Wallisian 8.4%, Polynesian 3.8%, Indonesian 3.6%, Vietnamese 1.6%, other 3%
Exchange rates	Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.55 (2005), 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001) note: the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound	Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - 135.04 (January 2002), 133.26 (2001), 129.44 (2000), 111.93 (1999), 107.25 (1998), 106.11 (1997); note - linked at the rate of 119.25 XPF to the euro
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor Alan HUCKLE (since 25 August 2006); Chief Executive Chris SIMPKINS (since March 2003); Financial Secretary Derek F. HOWATT (since NA) cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch	chief of state: President of France Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995), represented by High Commissioner Daniel CONSTANTIN (since 3 July 2002) head of government: President of the Government Pierre FROGIER (since 5 April 2001) cabinet: Consultative Committee elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the government elected by the members of the Territorial Congress; note - last election held 28 November 2002 when Pierre FROGIER was reelected
Exports	NA bbl/day	$400 million f.o.b. (2000)
Exports - commodities	wool, hides, meat	ferronickels, nickel ore, fish
Exports - partners	Spain 81.9%, US 6%, UK 4.5% (2005)	Japan 25.8%, France 18.8%, Taiwan 12%, Australia 8.2%, US 3.0% (1999)
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	calendar year
Flag description	blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising was once the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT	the flag of France is used
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $3.1 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 95% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: 5% industry: 30% services: 65% (1997 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $15,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	2.1% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates	51 45 S, 59 00 W	21 30 S, 165 30 E
Geography - note	deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season	consists of the main island of New Caledonia (one of the largest in the Pacific Ocean), the archipelago of Iles Loyaute, and numerous small, sparsely populated islands and atolls
Heliports	-	5 (2002)
Highways	-	total: 4,825 km paved: 2,287 km unpaved: 2,538 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	NA bbl/day	$1 billion f.o.b. (2000)
Imports - commodities	fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing	transport equipment, machinery and electrical equipment, fuels, minerals, wine, sugar, rice
Imports - partners	UK 72.5%, US 15.1%, Netherlands 8.5% (2005)	France 50.2%, Australia 15.1%, Singapore 5.9%, New Zealand 5.2%, Japan 3.7% (1999)
Independence	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)	none (overseas territory of France); note - a referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass; a new referendum is scheduled for 2014
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	-0.6% (1996)
Industries	fish and wool processing; tourism	nickel mining and smelting
Infant mortality rate	total: NA male: NA female: NA	8.23 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	3.6% (1998)	2.3% (2000 est.)
International organization participation	ICFTU, UPU	ESCAP (associate), FZ, ICFTU, SPC, WFTU, WMO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA	160 sq km (1991)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction	Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court
Labor force	1,724 (est.)	79,395 (including 15,018 unemployed, 1996)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing) industry and services: 5%	agriculture 7%, industry 23%, services 70% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (2005)	arable land: 0.38% permanent crops: 0.33% other: 99.29% (1998 est.)
Languages	English	French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects
Legal system	English common law	the 1988 Matignon Accords grant substantial autonomy to the islands; formerly under French law
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - two ex officio, eight elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor elections: last held 17 November 2005 (next to be held November 2009) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 8	unicameral Territorial Congress or Congres Territorial (54 seats; members are members of the three Provincial Assemblies or Assemblees Provinciales elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 9 May 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPCR 24, FLNKS 12, UNI 6, FCCI 4, FN 4, Alliance pour la Caledonie 3, LKS 1 note: New Caledonia elects 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held 24 September 2001 (next to be held NA September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; New Caledonia also elects 2 seats to the French National Assembly; elections last held 9 and 16 June 2002 (next to be held 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA male: NA female: NA	total population: 73.27 years male: 70.32 years female: 76.36 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	NA	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 91% male: 92% female: 90% (1976 est.)
Location	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina	Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia
Map references	South America	Oceania
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	-	total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,261 GRT/1,600 DWT ships by type: cargo 1 note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Malaysia 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK	defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches	no regular military forces	no regular indigenous military forces; French Armed Forces (including Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie); Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	NA	$192.3 million (FY96)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	NA	5.3% (FY96)
National holiday	Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality	noun: Falkland Islander(s) adjective: Falkland Island	noun: New Caledonian(s) adjective: New Caledonian
Natural hazards	strong winds persist throughout the year	cyclones, most frequent from November to March
Natural resources	fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss	nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper
Net migration rate	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	none; all independents	Alliance pour la Caledonie or APLC [Didier LE ROUX]; Federation des Comites de Coordination des Independantistes or FCCI [Raphael MAPOU]; Front National or FN [Guy GEORGE]; Front Uni de Liberation Kanak or FULK [Ernest UNE]; Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS [Rock WAMYTAN] (includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM); Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE and Elie POIGOUNE]; Rally for Caledonia in the Republic or RPCR [Jacques LAFLEUR]; Union Nationale pour l'Independance or UNI [Paul NEAOUTYINE]; note - may no longer exist, but Paul NEAOUTYINE has since become a president of Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA; Union Progressiste Melanesienne or UPM [Victor TUTUGORO]
Political pressure groups and leaders	none	NA
Population	2,967 (July 2006 est.)	207,858 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	2.44% (2006 est.)	1.43% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Mueo, Noumea, Thio
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 note: British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) provides Radio 1 (FM) and Radio 2 (AM) service (2006)	AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	-	107,000 (1997)
Railways	-	0 km (2002)
Religions	primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist	Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10%
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: country code - 500; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	2,400 (2002)	47,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular	0 (2001)	13,040 (1998)
Television broadcast stations	2 (British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) provides multi-channel satellite service to members of UK Forces as well as islanders) note: cable television is available in Stanley (2006)	6 (plus 25 low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain	rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains	coastal plains with interior mountains
Total fertility rate	NA children born/woman	2.44 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	full employment; labor shortage (2001)	19% (1996)
Waterways	-	none

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